Traces of the Animal Past: Methodological Challenges in Animal History

Leading scholars in animal history confront key questions of how we can know and understand the more-than-human past, showcasing the innovative methods historians use to discover and explain how animals fit into our collective histories.

Understanding the relationships between humans and animals is essential to a full understanding of both our present and our shared past. Across the humanities and social sciences, researchers have embraced the ‘animal turn,’ a multispecies approach to scholarship, with historians at the forefront of new research in human-animal studies that blends traditional research methods with interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks that decenter humans in historical narratives. These exciting approaches come with core methodological challenges for scholars seeking to better understand the past from non-anthropocentric perspectives.

Whether in a large public archive, a small private collection, or the oral histories of living memories, stories of animals are mediated by the humans who have inscribed the records and organized archival collections. In oral histories, the place of animals in the past are further refracted by the frailty of human memory and recollection. Only traces remain for researchers to read and interpret.

Bringing together seventeen original essays by a leading group of international scholars, Traces of the Animal Past showcases the innovative methods historians use to unearth and explain how animals fit into our collective histories. Situating the historian within the narrative, bringing transparency to methodological processes, and reflecting on the processes and procedures of current research, this book presents new approaches and new directions for a maturing field of historical inquiry.

With Contributions By: Jennifer Bonnell, Colleen Campbell, Jason Colby, George Colpitts, J. Keri Cronin, Joanna Dean, Jody Hodgins, Dolly Jørgensen, Sean Kheraj, Tina Loo, Lindsay Stallones Marshall, Catherine McNeur, Susan Nance, Harriet Ritvo, Andrew Robichaud, Nigel Rothfels, Sandra Swart, Emily Wakild, and Jay Young

Jennifer Bonnell is an associate professor of History at York University and the author of Reclaiming the Don: An Environmental History of Toronto’s Don River Valley, which won the Canadian Historical Association’s Clio prize and Heritage Toronto’s best book award. Her new book project explores the relationships between beekeeping, agricultural modernization, and environmental change in the Great Lakes Region. For more on her work, visit jenniferbonnell.com.

Sean Kheraj is an associate professor of Canadian and environmental history at York University. He is the author of Inventing Stanley Park: An Environmental History. He is also the director of the Network in Canadian History and Environment and producer of Nature’s Past: Canadian Environmental History Podcast.

Introduction: Trace of the Animal Past
Jennifer Bonnell and Sean Kheraj

Part I: Embodied Histories

1 Kicking over the Traces? Freeing the Animal from the Archive
Sandra Swart

2 Occupational Hazards: Honeybee Labour as an Interpretive Device in Animal History
Jennifer Bonnell

3 Hearing History through Hoofbeats: Exploring Equine Volition and Voice in the Archive
Lindsay Stallones Marshall

Part II: Traces

4 Who is a Greyhound? Reflections on the Non-Human Digital Archive
Susan Nance

5 Accessing Animal Health Knowledge: Popular Educators and Veterinary Science in Rural Ontario
Jody Hodgins

6 Animal Cruelty, Metaphoric Narrative, and the Hudson’s Bay Company, 1919–1939
George Colpitts

Part III: The Unknowable Animal

7 Vanishing Flies and the Lady Entomologist
Catherine McNeur

8 Guinea Pig Agnotology
Joanna Dean

9 Tuffy’s Cold War: Science, Memory, and the US Navy’s Dolphin
Jason M. Colby

10 The Elephant in the Archive
Nigel Rothfels

Part IV: Spatial Sources and Animal Movement

11 Making Tracks: A Grizzly and Entangled History
Colleen Campbell and Tina Loo

12 Spatial Analysis and Digital Urban Animal History
Sean Kheraj

13 Visualizing the Animal City: Digital Experiments in Animal History
Andrew Robichaud

14 What’s a Guanaco? Tracing the Llama Diaspora through and beyond South America
Emily Wakild

Part V: Looking at Animals

15 Hidden in Plain Sight: How Art and Visual Culture Can Help Us Think about Animal Histories
J. Keri Cronin

16 Creatures on Display: Making an Animal Exhibit at the Archives of Ontario
Jay Young

17 Portraits of Extinction: Encountering Bluebuck Narratives in the Natural History Museum
Dolly Jørgensen

Epilogue: Combinations and Conjunction
Harriet Ritvo

Contributors
Index

A highly concentrated, innovative and invigorating class act in environmental history methodology . . . sure to find as much success in the undergraduate classroom as on the bookshelf of the tenured professor

—Environment and History

An impressively informative, exceptionally well organized, and thought-provoking compendium of unique, seminal, and informative essays.

—Midwest Book Review

A dazzling collection of interdisciplinary essays, illuminating the methodological pitfalls and possibilities of animal history. Essential reading for animal historians.

—Chris Pearson, author of Dogopolis: How Dogs and Humans Made Modern New York, London, and Paris

Scholars of animal history face serious methodological challenges, from the scarcity of sources to the difficulty of imagining nonhuman lives on their own terms. This impressive collection shows how historians are rising to the challenge by uncovering new kinds of sources, developing new methods for interpreting them, and building bridges to art and science—all while acknowledging the importance of embodied experience and the limits of knowability. This is animal history at its most methodologically innovative, with lessons for historians of all kinds.

—Etienne Benson, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science

These exciting, innovative essays address the significant challenges of writing valid animal history. The authors consider how to expand and revise what we think of as sources and archives to write history that reveals the material and lived experiences of animals themselves. Their interdisciplinary approach has relevance beyond animal history for fields such as environmental and social history. The thoughtful, creative, wide-ranging essays in this volume should inspire conversation and research for a long time to come.

—Ann N. Greene, University of Pennsylvania